SYTO Dye:

 

Green-fluorescent nucleic acid stains are cell-permeant nucleic acid stains that show a large fluorescence enhancement upon binding nucleic acids. The SYTO dyes can be used to stain RNA and DNA in both live and dead eukaryotic cells, as well as in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Available as blue-, green-, orange- or red-fluorescent dyes, these novel SYTO stains share several important characteristics:

• Permeability to virtually all cell membranes, including mammalian cells and bacteria

• High molar absorptivity, with extinction coefficients >50,000 cm-1M-1at visible absorption maxima

• Extremely low intrinsic fluorescence, with quantum yields typically <0.01 when not bound to nucleic acids

• Quantum yields that are typically >0.4 when bound to nucleic acid

 

 The use of SYTO-13, a member of the class of SYTO dyes, as a new indicator of viability. The SYTO dyes, among which is the most popular SYTO-13, are cell-permeant nucleic acid stains that permit myriad of applications such as the discrimination between live/dead eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells, the detection of apoptosis, or germinated bacterial endospores.The cell-permeant SYTO 13 green fluorescent nucleic acid stain exhibits bright, green fluorescence upon binding to nucleic acids.

 

A fifty μl aliquot of the MP suspension was diluted to 400 μl (1:8) in PBS or in 200 nM solution of SYTO 13. The 200 nM SYTO 13 solution was prepared by diluting 1 μl of 5 mM SYTO 13 in 25 ml of PBS.

​

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                       

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                               Above is the two example of the Syto 13 dye.  both figures shows the red (live) and green(dead) population.

​

​

REFERENCE:

 

1. Ullal, Anirudh J et al. “Use of SYTO 13, a fluorescent dye binding nucleic acids, for the detection of microparticles in in vitro systems” vol. 77,3 (2010): 294-301.

2. Distler JH, Pisetsky DS, Huber LC, Kalden JR, Gay S, Distler O. Microparticles as regulators of inflammation: novel players of cellular crosstalk in the rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(11):3337–48. [PubMed]

3. Simak J, Gelderman MP. Cell Membrane Microparticles in Blood and Blood Products: Potentially Pathogenic Agents and Diagnostic Markers. Transfusion Medicine Reviews. 2006;20(1):1–26. [PubMed]

4. Piccin A, Murphy WG, Smith OP. Circulating microparticles: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Blood Reviews. 2007;21(3):157–171. [PubMed]

5. Pap E, Pallinger E, Pasztoi M, Falus A. Highlights of a new type of intercellular communication: microvesicle-based information transfer. Inflamm Res. 2009;58(1):1–8. [PubMed]

6. Horstman LL, Jy W, Jimenez JJ, Bidot C, Ahn YS. New horizons in the analysis of circulating cell-derived microparticles. Keio J Med. 2004;53(4):210–30. [PubMed]

7. Gelderman MP, Simak J. Flow cytometric analysis of cell membrane microparticles. Methods Mol Biol. 2008;484:79–93. [PubMed]

8. Miyazaki Y, Nomura S, Miyake T, Kagawa H, Kitada C, Taniguchi H, Komiyama Y, Fujimura Y, Ikeda Y, Fukuhara S. High shear stress can initiate both platelet aggregation and shedding of procoagulant containing microparticles. Blood. 1996;88(9):3456–64. [PubMed]

9. Briede JJ, Heemskerk JW, Hemker HC, Lindhout T. Heterogeneity in microparticle formation and exposure of anionic phospholipids at the plasma membrane of single adherent platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999;1451(1):163–72. [PubMed]

10. Horstman LL, Ahn YS. Platelet microparticles: a wide-angle perspective. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 1999;30(2):111–42. [PubMed]

11. Dachary-Prigent J, Freyssinet JM, Pasquet JM, Carron JC, Nurden AT. Annexin V as a probe of aminophospholipid exposure and platelet membrane vesiculation: a flow cytometry study showing a role for free sulfhydryl groups. Blood. 1993;81(10):2554–65. [PubMed]

12. Bernimoulin M, Waters EK, Foy M, Steele BM, Sullivan M, Falet H, Walsh MT, Barteneva N, Geng JG, Hartwig JH, et al. Differential stimulation of monocytic cells results in distinct populations of microparticles. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(6):1019–28. [PMC free article] [PubMed]